What does included bark typically indicate?

Included bark is a condition that occurs when the bark between two co-dominant stems or branches is pressed tightly together, preventing proper fusion and interlocking of wood. This situation often indicates a weak union because the bark does not provide structural support in the same way that a well-fused branch union would. As a result, trees with included bark may have a higher susceptibility to failure, such as branch breakage or splitting, particularly under heavy winds or loads.

While strong unions typically have good wood-to-wood contact that enhances strength and stability, included bark lacks this reliability. This is important for arborists to recognize, as trees exhibiting included bark might require careful monitoring and management strategies to mitigate the risk of structural failure in the future. Understanding this condition helps ensure the long-term health and safety of trees within urban landscapes.